VERNON’S HIERARCHICAL THEORY...
Vernon’ description of different levels of
intelligence may fill the gaps between two
extreme theories, the two-factor theory of
Spearman, which did not allow for the existence
of group factors, and the multiple-factor theory
of Turstone, which did not allow a ‘‘g’’ factor.
Intelligence can be described as comprising
abilities at varying levels of generality :
1. The highest level : ‘‘g’’ (general intelligence)
factor with the largest source of variance
between individuals. (Spearman)
2. The next level : major group factors such as
verbal-numerical-educational (v.ed) andpractical-mechanical-spatial-physical (k.m.)
ability.
3. The next level : minor group factors are
divided from major group factors.
4. The bottom level : ‘‘s’’(specific) factor.
(Spearmen)
Beginning in 1969, Vernon became
increasingly involved in studying the
contributions of environmental and genetic
factors to intellectual development. Vernon
continued to analyze the effects of genes and
the environment on both individual and group
difference in intelligence. He concludes that
individual difference in intelligence are
approximately 60 percent attributable to genetic
factors, and that there is some evidence
implicating genes in racial group differences in
average levels of mental ability.
Vernon’ description of different levels of
intelligence may fill the gaps between two
extreme theories, the two-factor theory of
Spearman, which did not allow for the existence
of group factors, and the multiple-factor theory
of Turstone, which did not allow a ‘‘g’’ factor.
Intelligence can be described as comprising
abilities at varying levels of generality :
1. The highest level : ‘‘g’’ (general intelligence)
factor with the largest source of variance
between individuals. (Spearman)
2. The next level : major group factors such as
verbal-numerical-educational (v.ed) andpractical-mechanical-spatial-physical (k.m.)
ability.
3. The next level : minor group factors are
divided from major group factors.
4. The bottom level : ‘‘s’’(specific) factor.
(Spearmen)
Beginning in 1969, Vernon became
increasingly involved in studying the
contributions of environmental and genetic
factors to intellectual development. Vernon
continued to analyze the effects of genes and
the environment on both individual and group
difference in intelligence. He concludes that
individual difference in intelligence are
approximately 60 percent attributable to genetic
factors, and that there is some evidence
implicating genes in racial group differences in
average levels of mental ability.
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